ADA
A federal civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in areas such as employment, public services, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications.
Alternate-fuel buses
Buses powered by fuels or propulsion systems other than conventional diesel or gasoline. Examples include compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, propane, alcohol-based fuels, hybrid-electric systems, and battery-electric buses.
AM block
A vehicle block scheduled to operate only during the morning peak period.
Americans with Disabilities Act
A federal civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in areas such as employment, public services, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications.
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
A federal civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in areas such as employment, public services, transportation, public accommodations, and telecommunications.
APC
A system that tracks the number of passengers boarding and alighting at each stop, while also recording the time, location, and direction of travel. It typically uses infrared beams or cameras to count passengers. Stop locations are determined using data from Global Positioning Systems (GPS), signpost emitters, Geographic Information System (GIS) maps, odometer readings, and inertial navigation. The collected data is compiled and processed by an on-board computer or a central system to generate meaningful information.
Arterial street
A major roadway designed to move through traffic across a corridor, generally with higher capacity and continuity than local streets.
Articulated bus
A high-capacity bus with two body sections connected by a flexible joint, allowing the vehicle to bend through turns while keeping a continuous passenger area.
Assignment
A bus operator’s scheduled weekly work assignment, typically chosen during the rostering process, whether cafeteria-style, where operators select their own shifts, or agency-developed, where pre-packaged weekly schedules are provided. The operator follows this same assignment each week until new rosters are created. This is also referred to as a bid sheet.
Automatic passenger counter
A system that tracks the number of passengers boarding and alighting at each stop, while also recording the time, location, and direction of travel. It typically uses infrared beams or cameras to count passengers. Stop locations are determined using data from Global Positioning Systems (GPS), signpost emitters, Geographic Information System (GIS) maps, odometer readings, and inertial navigation. The collected data is compiled and processed by an on-board computer or a central system to generate meaningful information.
Automatic passenger counters
A system that tracks the number of passengers boarding and alighting at each stop, while also recording the time, location, and direction of travel. It typically uses infrared beams or cameras to count passengers. Stop locations are determined using data from Global Positioning Systems (GPS), signpost emitters, Geographic Information System (GIS) maps, odometer readings, and inertial navigation. The collected data is compiled and processed by an on-board computer or a central system to generate meaningful information.
Automatic vehicle location
A vehicle tracking system that monitors and reports the real-time position of each vehicle using Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Loran-C, or signpost transmitters combined with vehicle odometers. This information is relayed to a central dispatch or radio communications center and is often integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS) for mapping. Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) systems assist transit dispatchers and provide real-time updates to travelers. Additionally, AVL data can be used for analyzing running time and on-time performance if combined with an archival reporting system.
Automatic vehicle locator
A vehicle tracking system that monitors and reports the real-time position of each vehicle using Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Loran-C, or signpost transmitters combined with vehicle odometers. This information is relayed to a central dispatch or radio communications center and is often integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS) for mapping. Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) systems assist transit dispatchers and provide real-time updates to travelers. Additionally, AVL data can be used for analyzing running time and on-time performance if combined with an archival reporting system.
Average weekday
A representative weekday measure based on typical operating days, excluding unusual conditions such as major events, severe weather, or other anomalies. Average Saturday and average Sunday are calculated the same way for those service days.
AVL
A vehicle tracking system that monitors and reports the real-time position of each vehicle using Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Loran-C, or signpost transmitters combined with vehicle odometers. This information is relayed to a central dispatch or radio communications center and is often integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS) for mapping. Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) systems assist transit dispatchers and provide real-time updates to travelers. Additionally, AVL data can be used for analyzing running time and on-time performance if combined with an archival reporting system.
Banging out the schedule
A rail scheduling practice used to space trains on shared track segments and avoid conflicts or trains operating too closely together. When spacing is even, it is similar to intertiming in bus scheduling.
Barn
A facility where revenue vehicles are stored, maintained, and serviced, and where operators report for their assignments. Vehicles are dispatched and recovered here for scheduled service. This facility is also known as a barn, base, depot, district, division, station, or yard.
Base
A facility where revenue vehicles are stored, maintained, and serviced, and where operators report for their assignments. Vehicles are dispatched and recovered here for scheduled service. This facility is also known as a barn, base, depot, district, division, station, or yard.
Base block
A vehicle block that remains in service across the morning peak, midday, afternoon peak, and sometimes evening periods. Straight runs are often built from base blocks.
Base fare
The standard price for one adult transit ride before transfers, zones, express surcharges, peak surcharges, or reduced-fare discounts are applied.
Base period
The time between the morning and afternoon peak periods when transit service typically operates at regular intervals. This period is often referred to as the off-peak or midday period and generally sees lower ridership. It usually spans from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM, and in some cases, weekend service is also considered part of the base period.
Base period vehicle requirement
The number of vehicles needed to operate a route at its scheduled base-period headway. It is commonly estimated by dividing base-period cycle time by base-period headway.
Base vehicles
The number of vehicles needed to operate a route at its scheduled base-period headway. It is commonly estimated by dividing base-period cycle time by base-period headway.
Bid
The process of creating and assigning weekly work schedules for transit operators. This includes selecting work assignments for regular runs, extra board positions, or specific shifts for the upcoming schedule. In agency-developed rostering, daily shifts are pre-packaged into weekly schedules from which operators select during the sign-up period. In cafeteria-style rostering, operators choose their own shifts and days off from a master list to create a personalized schedule. This process is also known by terms such as pick, bid, booking, mark-up, sign-up, line-up, or shake-up.
Bid sheet
A bus operator’s scheduled weekly work assignment, typically chosen during the rostering process, whether cafeteria-style, where operators select their own shifts, or agency-developed, where pre-packaged weekly schedules are provided. The operator follows this same assignment each week until new rosters are created. This is also referred to as a bid sheet.
Block
A vehicle assignment made up of the trips a bus or train operates from pull-out through pull-in, including non-revenue and revenue movement.
Block graph
A visual scheduling chart showing the blocks assigned to a garage or division, including start times, end times, and often terminal or relief opportunities used during runcutting.
Block number
A unique identifier assigned to a vehicle block so it can be tracked through scheduling, dispatch, and operations.
Block straightening
A post-blocking review process where schedulers adjust block starts, ends, or trip connections to improve efficiency and create better runcutting options.
Block summary table
A summary table that reports key vehicle statistics by block, such as platform hours, mileage, and other scheduled service measures.
Blocking
The process of linking scheduled trips together into a vehicle assignment, or block.
Blocking sheet
A schedule document that lists each block and the trips, times, and related details contained within that block.
Board
A roster of bus operators assigned to cover vacant runs and other work on a daily or weekly basis. Operators on the extra board may choose assignments during a sign-up period or be assigned as needed if no regular runs are available. This group is also referred to as the board, x-board, extra list, or, if an operator covers a run for an extended period due to a long-term absence, it may lead to a holddown.
Boardings
The total number of passengers who board public transit vehicles, counted each time a passenger boards a revenue vehicle, even if it is the result of a transfer from another route to complete the same one-way journey. This measure, which is often used interchangeably with ridership, reflects the number of rides taken by people using a public transportation system within a given time period. It is also known as passengers, passenger trips, and boardings.
Bonus time
Paid allowance added to a run or assignment to meet a minimum pay guarantee or labor-agreement requirement when the scheduled work time is short of that threshold.
Booking
The process of creating and assigning weekly work schedules for transit operators. This includes selecting work assignments for regular runs, extra board positions, or specific shifts for the upcoming schedule. In agency-developed rostering, daily shifts are pre-packaged into weekly schedules from which operators select during the sign-up period. In cafeteria-style rostering, operators choose their own shifts and days off from a master list to create a personalized schedule. This process is also known by terms such as pick, bid, booking, mark-up, sign-up, line-up, or shake-up.
Boost time
Paid allowance added to bring a run or assignment up to a required minimum guarantee, even when that added time is not tied to additional platform work.
Branch
A segment of a route that diverges from the main route or trunk line. Branches typically serve specific areas or neighborhoods and generally have less frequent service compared to the main trunk. A route may include one or more branches extending from its primary path. It is also known as a leg.
BRT
Bus service designed to provide faster, higher-quality service than a conventional local bus route through features such as dedicated lanes, transit signal priority, branded stations, wider stop spacing, off-board fare collection, and higher-capacity vehicles.
Bunching
A condition where vehicles traveling in the same direction on a route converge due to delays or traffic congestion. This issue often persists without intervention from supervision. Also known as queueing.
Bus hours
The total hours of travel by a vehicle, including both revenue service and non-revenue travel. Also known as bus hours for buses and passenger car hours for rail.
Bus miles
The total distance traveled by a vehicle, including both revenue service and non-revenue travel. Also known as bus miles for buses and passenger car miles for rail.
Bus rapid transit (BRT)
Bus service designed to provide faster, higher-quality service than a conventional local bus route through features such as dedicated lanes, transit signal priority, branded stations, wider stop spacing, off-board fare collection, and higher-capacity vehicles.
Calendar year
The calendar year spans from January 1 through December 31.
Capital expense
A cost for acquiring or improving long-lived assets such as vehicles, facilities, land, equipment, or major systems.
Car pooling
The use of an automobile to move one or more operators between a garage and relief location, or between relief locations.
CBD
The area of a city characterized by high land value, dense traffic, and a concentration of retail businesses, offices, theaters, hotels, and services. It is traditionally the employment and commercial hub of a city.
Central business district
The area of a city characterized by high land value, dense traffic, and a concentration of retail businesses, offices, theaters, hotels, and services. It is traditionally the employment and commercial hub of a city.
Central business district (CBD)
The area of a city characterized by high land value, dense traffic, and a concentration of retail businesses, offices, theaters, hotels, and services. It is traditionally the employment and commercial hub of a city.
Check-out time
Paid time at the end of an operator assignment for turning in fare media, transfers, reports, supplies, or other required materials.
Circulator
A short transit route, often with frequent service, that connects activity centers within a defined area such as a downtown, campus, district, or neighborhood.
Clear allowance
Paid time at the end of an operator assignment for completing closeout tasks such as returning fare media, transfers, reports, or supplies.
Closed door
A service condition where a vehicle travels over a segment without picking up or dropping off passengers. It may be scheduled for express movement or used by supervision to manage service spacing.
Closed door service
A service condition where a vehicle travels over a segment without picking up or dropping off passengers. It may be scheduled for express movement or used by supervision to manage service spacing.
COA
A thorough evaluation of a transit system that leads to recommendations for changes in routes, additions or deletions of services, and overall improvements to enhance service efficiency and effectiveness.
Coach
A vehicle assignment made up of the trips a bus or train operates from pull-out through pull-in, including non-revenue and revenue movement.
Collaterals
Penalty payments, premiums, and other pay provisions that may be added so a run complies with the labor agreement.
Commission hour
The time during the day when transit ridership is highest, typically occurring in the morning and afternoon. These periods are known as the AM peak period and PM peak period, respectively. Transit agencies provide the greatest level of service during these times to accommodate increased demand. The peak period is also referred to as commission hour or peak hour when specifically referring to the busiest hour within this timeframe.
Comprehensive operational analysis
A thorough evaluation of a transit system that leads to recommendations for changes in routes, additions or deletions of services, and overall improvements to enhance service efficiency and effectiveness.
Consist
The set of rail cars operating together as one train.
Corridor
A primary travel path that encompasses the route itself and the surrounding area. It typically refers to a major route for transportation that includes adjacent land or zones.
Crew block
The sequence of trips assigned to a train crew from pull-out to pull-in. It may differ from the train block when drop-back crew scheduling is used.
Crosstown route
A bus route that provides non-radial service, typically bypassing the central business district. It connects major radial routes and activity centers, often running from one side of the city to the other without entering the CBD.
Cycle time
The total duration required for a vehicle to travel from the start point to the end point and back, including the time allocated for breaks or recovery at the terminal. This period is often referred to as round-trip cycle time or round-trip time.
Deadhead hours
The measurement of the time elapsed while a transit vehicle is moving without passengers onboard, typically for traveling to or from the garage or between different routes during the operator’s shift. It is also known as closed door service.
Deadhead miles
The measurement of a transit vehicle’s movement without passengers onboard, typically for traveling to or from the garage or between different routes during the operator’s shift. It is also known as closed door service.
Deadhead time
Non-revenue time when a vehicle is moving without being available to carry riders, such as travel to or from the garage or between route assignments.
Deficit
The amount by which operating expenses exceed operating income or operating revenue.
Demand generator
A place that attracts substantial travel demand, such as a hospital, school, employment center, park-and-ride lot, shopping district, or central business district.
Demand response
Transit service that operates in response to ride requests or reservations rather than strictly following fixed routes and fixed schedules. It often uses smaller vehicles and may serve older adults, riders with disabilities, or the general public depending on the program.
Demand response service
Transit service that operates in response to ride requests or reservations rather than strictly following fixed routes and fixed schedules. It often uses smaller vehicles and may serve older adults, riders with disabilities, or the general public depending on the program.
Demand responsive transit
A type of transit service where passengers request rides by contacting the operator, who dispatches a vehicle to pick them up and transport them to their destinations. This service generally does not adhere to fixed routes or schedules, except for temporary needs. Vehicles may pick up several passengers at different locations and adjust their routes during a trip to include additional pickups. This service is also known as dial-a-ride.
Department of transportation
A government agency responsible for transportation planning, policy, funding, regulation, infrastructure, or operations at the federal, state, regional, or local level.
Department of Transportation (DOT)
A government agency responsible for transportation planning, policy, funding, regulation, infrastructure, or operations at the federal, state, regional, or local level.
Depot
A facility where revenue vehicles are stored, maintained, and serviced, and where operators report for their assignments. Vehicles are dispatched and recovered here for scheduled service. This facility is also known as a barn, base, depot, district, division, station, or yard.
Destination sign
A sign located above the windshield at the front of a transit vehicle displaying the route number, destination, or other relevant information. Also known as a destination sign.
Directional route miles
The mileage in each direction that public transportation vehicles travel during revenue service. This measurement is based on the route path over a facility or roadway and is calculated considering the direction of travel. It excludes staging or storage areas at the start or end of the route and does not account for the number of traffic lanes or rail tracks in the right-of-way.
Discretionary rider
A rider who chooses transit even though another travel option, such as driving, is available.
Dispatch sheet
An operations document listing runs, blocks, or assignments by start time so staff can track operators, vehicles, pull-outs, reliefs, and service coverage throughout the day.
District
A facility where revenue vehicles are stored, maintained, and serviced, and where operators report for their assignments. Vehicles are dispatched and recovered here for scheduled service. This facility is also known as a barn, base, depot, district, division, station, or yard.
Division
An operating unit, facility, or group of garages that may share management, labor rules, dispatching, maintenance, or service responsibilities.
DOT
A government agency responsible for transportation planning, policy, funding, regulation, infrastructure, or operations at the federal, state, regional, or local level.
Dovetailing
The scheduling of trips from multiple routes that share a common segment so vehicles are spaced more evenly for riders traveling along that shared portion.
Downtime
Time when a vehicle is unavailable for service because it is undergoing repair, inspection, or maintenance.
Drop-back
A crew scheduling method where an operator or train crew leaves an arriving vehicle at a terminal, takes layover, and then takes over a following vehicle. It is often used on frequent rail service or during special-event operations.
Duty
A sequence of tasks assigned to an operator for a shift, which may include deadheads, trips, and layovers. It can comprise one or multiple pieces. Also known as duty.
Dwell time
The scheduled duration a vehicle or train is allotted to allow passengers to board and alight at a stop, including the time required for opening and closing doors.
End of line
The beginning or ending point of a route. Also known as terminus, start of line, or end of line.
Exception scheduling
Schedule work created for unusual conditions such as detours, construction, major events, holidays, emergency service changes, or other non-routine operations.
Express
A service pattern or route segment with limited or no intermediate passenger stops, typically used to reduce travel time between major points.
Express service
A high-speed transit service that operates with limited stops, often connecting residential areas to major activity centers. It typically features a non-stop segment between pick-up and drop-off points. Express routes frequently use freeways or dedicated lanes and may include park-and-ride facilities at the residential end. This service is designed to reduce travel time by bypassing local stops.
Extra board
A roster of bus operators assigned to cover vacant runs and other work on a daily or weekly basis. Operators on the extra board may choose assignments during a sign-up period or be assigned as needed if no regular runs are available. This group is also referred to as the board, x-board, extra list, or, if an operator covers a run for an extended period due to a long-term absence, it may lead to a holddown.
Extra list
A roster of bus operators assigned to cover vacant runs and other work on a daily or weekly basis. Operators on the extra board may choose assignments during a sign-up period or be assigned as needed if no regular runs are available. This group is also referred to as the board, x-board, extra list, or, if an operator covers a run for an extended period due to a long-term absence, it may lead to a holddown.
Extraboard
A roster of bus operators assigned to cover vacant runs and other work on a daily or weekly basis. Operators on the extra board may choose assignments during a sign-up period or be assigned as needed if no regular runs are available. This group is also referred to as the board, x-board, extra list, or, if an operator covers a run for an extended period due to a long-term absence, it may lead to a holddown.
Fall-back
A crew scheduling method where an operator or train crew steps off one vehicle at a terminal, takes layover, and resumes service on a later vehicle rather than the same one.
Fare elasticity
The measure of how changes in fare prices affect ridership levels. It indicates the sensitivity of passenger demand to fare adjustments, with higher elasticity meaning greater impact on ridership from fare changes.
Fare zone
A section of a route or service area within which a rider may travel for a specific fare increment.
Fare zone boundary
The point, often a major intersection or defined location, where one fare zone ends and another begins.
Farebox recovery ratio
The percentage of operating costs that are covered by passenger fares, determined by dividing farebox revenue by the total operating expenses for each mode or across the entire system.
Farebox revenue
The total value of cash, tickets, tokens, and pass receipts collected from passengers as payment for rides, excluding charter revenue.
Federal Transit Administration
The agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation that administers federal public transportation programs, funding, oversight, and related policy.
Federal Transit Administration (FTA)
The agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation that administers federal public transportation programs, funding, oversight, and related policy.
Feeder route
A transit service that transports passengers from local neighborhoods or areas to main transit routes, such as a major bus line, rail station, transit center, or park and ride facility. Feeder routes can operate as fixed-route services or non-traditional services, such as demand-response or route deviation. They help connect riders to regional transit systems or higher-capacity modes. Feeder routes are also referred to as feeder service.
Feeder service
A transit service that transports passengers from local neighborhoods or areas to main transit routes, such as a major bus line, rail station, transit center, or park and ride facility. Feeder routes can operate as fixed-route services or non-traditional services, such as demand-response or route deviation. They help connect riders to regional transit systems or higher-capacity modes. Feeder routes are also referred to as feeder service.
Fiscal year
The fiscal year is a twelve-month accounting period that may differ from the calendar year. It is sometimes used interchangeably with the report year, which is determined by the Federal Transit Administration. The report year sets the due date for each agency’s National Transit Database report, which must be submitted four months after the end of the agency’s fiscal year.
Fit-in point
The location on a route where a vehicle begins revenue service.
Fixed route transit
A type of transit service where vehicles operate on predetermined routes with established stops and schedules. Passengers can board and alight at specific locations along the route, and service operates according to a set timetable.
Fleet average age
The weighted average age of the vehicles in a transit fleet.
Follower
The second vehicle in a pair of vehicles operating on the same route in the same direction.
Free running time
A schedule segment without a fixed intermediate running time, where only the estimated arrival at the end of the segment is specified. It is often used on express portions or in headway-based schedules.
Frequency
The number of bus trips in the same direction that occur within a specified time period, usually expressed as trips per hour. Frequency can also be described in minutes when referring to the interval between individual trips. It is sometimes used interchangeably with “headway,” although headway measures the time between successive vehicles. For example, a frequency of six buses per hour is equivalent to a headway of 10 minutes.
FTA
The agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation that administers federal public transportation programs, funding, oversight, and related policy.
Full-time operator
An operator eligible for full-time work, usually with a weekly work guarantee and full benefits. Full-time operators may select regular runs, split runs, or extra board assignments depending on agency rules.
Full-time run
A work assignment whose paid or scheduled hours meet or exceed the minimum threshold for a full-time operator.
Gap filler bus
A vehicle inserted or positioned to fill a service gap, maintain spacing, or cover service when a scheduled trip is missing, delayed, overloaded, or otherwise disrupted.
Garage
A facility where revenue vehicles are stored, maintained, and serviced, and where operators report for their assignments. Vehicles are dispatched and recovered here for scheduled service. This facility is also known as a barn, base, depot, district, division, station, or yard.
General markup
The recurring process in which operators choose or are assigned work for a new schedule period, usually in seniority order and under labor-agreement rules.
General public demand response
Demand response service available to the general public, not limited only to ADA paratransit, older adults, or riders with disabilities.
General public dial-a-ride
A dial-a-ride service available to the general public, where riders request trips in advance and vehicles are dispatched based on those requests.
General Transit Feed Specification
A standardized format for sharing public transit service details, including schedules, stops, and fares. This format helps transit agencies provide data that can be used by various software applications, such as trip planners, enabling users to access travel information and public transit services through their smartphones and similar devices.
General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS)
A standardized format for sharing public transit service details, including schedules, stops, and fares. This format helps transit agencies provide data that can be used by various software applications, such as trip planners, enabling users to access travel information and public transit services through their smartphones and similar devices.
Global Positioning System
A satellite-based navigation system used to determine location, speed, and time. Accuracy can be reduced in tunnels, dense urban areas, terminals, or other environments with limited satellite visibility.
Global Positioning System (GPS)
A satellite-based navigation system used to determine location, speed, and time. Accuracy can be reduced in tunnels, dense urban areas, terminals, or other environments with limited satellite visibility.
GPS
A satellite-based navigation system used to determine location, speed, and time. Accuracy can be reduced in tunnels, dense urban areas, terminals, or other environments with limited satellite visibility.
GTFS
A standardized format for sharing public transit service details, including schedules, stops, and fares. This format helps transit agencies provide data that can be used by various software applications, such as trip planners, enabling users to access travel information and public transit services through their smartphones and similar devices.
Guarantee time
Paid time added so a run, shift, or assignment reaches a minimum pay guarantee established by policy or labor agreement.
Hawk
Late-night or overnight transit service, often operating when regular daytime service is reduced or not operating.
Headsign
A sign located above the windshield at the front of a transit vehicle displaying the route number, destination, or other relevant information. Also known as a destination sign.
Headway
The time interval between consecutive vehicles traveling in the same direction on a specific route, usually measured in minutes. This interval helps determine the frequency of service, with shorter headways indicating more frequent service. Headways can be based on demand, such as during peak periods, or set by policy, such as every 30 minutes. Headways can be regular, clock, or ragged, depending on scheduling consistency. In some contexts, “headway” may also refer to a gap or missed vehicle in service.
Headway sheet
The master schedule for a route that includes all scheduled time points, arrival and departure times, block numbers, and other relevant information. It is used to prepare individual schedules for each unique block and may display more time points than those shown on public timetables. The headway sheet is also made up for each run, listing all work pieces and any special notations for the operator. It is also known as a recap, rotation, master schedule, paddle, paddle board, run card, run guide, or train card.
Heavy rail
High-capacity rail transit operating on exclusive right-of-way, typically powered by a third rail and using level boarding at stations. Heavy rail generally uses longer trains and wider station spacing than light rail.
Hold down
A temporary assignment in which an operator covers a regular run or position for an extended absence.
Hooking
The scheduling process of connecting the end of one trip to the start of another trip to form a vehicle block.
Hot
A term used when a trip or vehicle is operating early, especially when it departs a time point before the scheduled time.
Hub
A designated location where passengers transfer between different routes or vehicles. It is also known as a hub or transit center.
Inbound
The direction of travel toward a downtown, central business district, major hub, or primary activity center.
Inside time
The time between pieces of work in a split run, usually measured from the end of one piece to the start of the next.
Interlining
The practice of using the same transit vehicle and/or operator to serve more than one route without returning to the garage. This method is often implemented at common terminals or where two or more routes share a common endpoint or are in close proximity. Interlining can improve operating efficiency and enhance passenger transfers. By minimizing vehicle requirements and reducing the need for transfers, interlining can enhance overall service performance. It is also referred to as through routes, interlock routes, or interlocking.
Interlock route
The practice of using the same transit vehicle and/or operator to serve more than one route without returning to the garage. This method is often implemented at common terminals or where two or more routes share a common endpoint or are in close proximity. Interlining can improve operating efficiency and enhance passenger transfers. By minimizing vehicle requirements and reducing the need for transfers, interlining can enhance overall service performance. It is also referred to as through routes, interlock routes, or interlocking.
Interlocking
The practice of using the same transit vehicle and/or operator to serve more than one route without returning to the garage. This method is often implemented at common terminals or where two or more routes share a common endpoint or are in close proximity. Interlining can improve operating efficiency and enhance passenger transfers. By minimizing vehicle requirements and reducing the need for transfers, interlining can enhance overall service performance. It is also referred to as through routes, interlock routes, or interlocking.
Interspersing
The scheduling of trips from two or more routes over a shared segment so vehicles are spaced at more even intervals.
Intertiming
The practice of coordinating trips on routes that share a common segment so service on that segment is evenly spaced and more useful to riders.
Intervening time
The time between the end of one work assignment or piece and the start of another, especially when the gap is short and may be treated differently under a labor agreement.
Journey
A linked passenger trip refers to a one-way journey from origin to destination on the transit system, including any transfers made. It is counted as a single trip, regardless of the number of vehicles used. Also known as a trip, one-way trip, or journey.
Kiss and ride
A transit access arrangement where a rider is dropped off or picked up by another person at a stop, station, or transfer point instead of parking.
Layover
The scheduled interval at a transit terminal between the arrival of a vehicle at the end of a route and its departure for the next trip. This period, also known as recovery time, allows for delays, operator breaks, and preparation for the return journey. It encompasses both the time allotted for these activities and the specific location designated for the operator to stop between trips to adhere to the schedule. This ensures that vehicles remain on track and provides a buffer for any delays experienced during the previous trip.
Leader
The first vehicle in a pair of vehicles operating on the same route in the same direction.
Leg
A segment of a route that diverges from the main route or trunk line. Branches typically serve specific areas or neighborhoods and generally have less frequent service compared to the main trunk. A route may include one or more branches extending from its primary path. It is also known as a leg.
Light rail
Rail transit using electrically powered vehicles, usually supplied by overhead wires, operating on reserved or mixed right-of-way. Light rail generally uses shorter trains and closer station spacing than heavy rail.
Limited-stop service
A type of transit service that operates on arterial streets and makes stops only at major points along the route. Unlike express service, it does not have a lengthy non-stop segment but still offers higher-speed travel by serving only selected stops.
Line
A defined path that connects two terminal points through a series of streets and turns. It is also known as a line.
Line-up
The process of creating and assigning weekly work schedules for transit operators. This includes selecting work assignments for regular runs, extra board positions, or specific shifts for the upcoming schedule. In agency-developed rostering, daily shifts are pre-packaged into weekly schedules from which operators select during the sign-up period. In cafeteria-style rostering, operators choose their own shifts and days off from a master list to create a personalized schedule. This process is also known by terms such as pick, bid, booking, mark-up, sign-up, line-up, or shake-up.
Linked passenger trip
A linked passenger trip refers to a one-way journey from origin to destination on the transit system, including any transfers made. It is counted as a single trip, regardless of the number of vehicles used. Also known as a trip, one-way trip, or journey.
Live mileage
Mileage operated while a vehicle is in passenger service or available to carry riders.
Load
The total number of passengers carried by a vehicle.
Load factor
The ratio of passengers actually carried to the total passenger capacity of a vehicle.
Loading standard
The maximum passenger load considered acceptable for a route, trip, or period based on safety, comfort, convenience, and cost. It is often stated as a percentage of seated capacity.
Make-up time
Paid allowance used to bring a run, shift, or assignment up to a minimum pay guarantee when scheduled work time is below the required threshold.
Mark-up
The process of creating and assigning weekly work schedules for transit operators. This includes selecting work assignments for regular runs, extra board positions, or specific shifts for the upcoming schedule. In agency-developed rostering, daily shifts are pre-packaged into weekly schedules from which operators select during the sign-up period. In cafeteria-style rostering, operators choose their own shifts and days off from a master list to create a personalized schedule. This process is also known by terms such as pick, bid, booking, mark-up, sign-up, line-up, or shake-up.
Master schedule
The master schedule for a route that includes all scheduled time points, arrival and departure times, block numbers, and other relevant information. It is used to prepare individual schedules for each unique block and may display more time points than those shown on public timetables. The headway sheet is also made up for each run, listing all work pieces and any special notations for the operator. It is also known as a recap, rotation, master schedule, paddle, paddle board, run card, run guide, or train card.
Maximum load point
The location or locations along a route where the passenger load is highest. The maximum load point may vary by direction and time of day.
Midday period
The time between the morning and afternoon peak periods when transit service typically operates at regular intervals. This period is often referred to as the off-peak or midday period and generally sees lower ridership. It usually spans from 9:00 AM to 3:00 PM, and in some cases, weekend service is also considered part of the base period.
Missed trip
A scheduled trip that did not operate due to reasons such as operator absence, vehicle failure, dispatch error, traffic, accident, or other unforeseen circumstances.
Night owl service
Service that operates during late night or early morning hours, or throughout the night. It is also known as owl or hawk.
Night service
Service that operates during late night or early morning hours, or throughout the night. It is also known as owl or hawk.
Off-peak period
A period outside the busiest travel times when demand is lower and less transit service is typically scheduled.
On-time performance
Schedule adherence measures how closely transit service matches its published schedule. Also known as on-time performance, this metric is expressed as a percentage, with higher values indicating better adherence. It is a key indicator of a transit system’s effectiveness. For urban buses and rapid transit, en-route performance is crucial as most passengers board and alight along the route. In contrast, terminal performance is more relevant for commuter rail or routes with high terminal demand.
One-way trip
A linked passenger trip refers to a one-way journey from origin to destination on the transit system, including any transfers made. It is counted as a single trip, regardless of the number of vehicles used. Also known as a trip, one-way trip, or journey.
Open door
The operation of a vehicle over a route while being available to the public for transportation. It is also known as open door.
Operating assistance
Funding provided to support transit operating costs rather than capital purchases or improvements.
Operating deficit
The amount by which operating expenses exceed operating revenues.
Operating expense
The total costs associated with providing transit service, which include salaries, wages, materials, supplies, and equipment. This encompasses expenses for maintaining equipment and buildings, operating vehicles, renting equipment and facilities, and settling claims.
Operating revenue
Revenue associated with operating transit service, including fares, advertising, charter revenue, interest, and operating assistance.
Operator pick
The recurring process in which operators choose or are assigned work for a new schedule period, usually in seniority order and under labor-agreement rules.
Owl
Late-night or overnight transit service, often operating when regular daytime service is reduced or not operating.
Paddle
The master schedule for a route that includes all scheduled time points, arrival and departure times, block numbers, and other relevant information. It is used to prepare individual schedules for each unique block and may display more time points than those shown on public timetables. The headway sheet is also made up for each run, listing all work pieces and any special notations for the operator. It is also known as a recap, rotation, master schedule, paddle, paddle board, run card, run guide, or train card.
Paddle board
The master schedule for a route that includes all scheduled time points, arrival and departure times, block numbers, and other relevant information. It is used to prepare individual schedules for each unique block and may display more time points than those shown on public timetables. The headway sheet is also made up for each run, listing all work pieces and any special notations for the operator. It is also known as a recap, rotation, master schedule, paddle, paddle board, run card, run guide, or train card.
Park and ride
A transit access mode where individuals drive their private vehicles or use bicycles to reach a designated transit station, stop, or carpool/vanpool waiting area. They then park their vehicles in the provided spaces, such as a park-and-ride lot, park-and-pool lot, commuter parking lot, or bicycle rack or locker. After parking, they board the transit system or join a carpool or vanpool to complete their journey. It is also commonly known as kiss and ride.
Park-and-ride
A transit access mode where individuals drive their private vehicles or use bicycles to reach a designated transit station, stop, or carpool/vanpool waiting area. They then park their vehicles in the provided spaces, such as a park-and-ride lot, park-and-pool lot, commuter parking lot, or bicycle rack or locker. After parking, they board the transit system or join a carpool or vanpool to complete their journey. It is also commonly known as kiss and ride.
Passenger car hours
The total hours of travel by a vehicle, including both revenue service and non-revenue travel. Also known as bus hours for buses and passenger car hours for rail.
Passenger car miles
The total distance traveled by a vehicle, including both revenue service and non-revenue travel. Also known as bus miles for buses and passenger car miles for rail.
Passenger check
An accurate count of passengers arriving at, boarding, alighting, or passing through one or more points on a route. This count can be performed by riding the route or at specific locations. Passenger checks are used for route planning, monitoring, and data collection on passenger usage to determine appropriate headways, evaluate route alignment, meet FTA reporting requirements, and calibrate revenue-based ridership models. Also known as a tally, ride check, or point check.
Passenger miles
A measure of service utilization representing the cumulative distance traveled by passengers on transit vehicles. It is calculated by multiplying the number of passengers by the distance traveled. For instance, if ten passengers travel two miles each, it totals twenty passenger miles. This measurement is also known as passenger miles traveled.
Passenger miles traveled
A measure of service utilization representing the cumulative distance traveled by passengers on transit vehicles. It is calculated by multiplying the number of passengers by the distance traveled. For instance, if ten passengers travel two miles each, it totals twenty passenger miles. This measurement is also known as passenger miles traveled.
Passenger trips
The total number of passengers who board public transit vehicles, counted each time a passenger boards a revenue vehicle, even if it is the result of a transfer from another route to complete the same one-way journey. This measure, which is often used interchangeably with ridership, reflects the number of rides taken by people using a public transportation system within a given time period. It is also known as passengers, passenger trips, and boardings.
Passengers
The total number of passengers who board public transit vehicles, counted each time a passenger boards a revenue vehicle, even if it is the result of a transfer from another route to complete the same one-way journey. This measure, which is often used interchangeably with ridership, reflects the number of rides taken by people using a public transportation system within a given time period. It is also known as passengers, passenger trips, and boardings.
Peak hour
The time during the day when transit ridership is highest, typically occurring in the morning and afternoon. These periods are known as the AM peak period and PM peak period, respectively. Transit agencies provide the greatest level of service during these times to accommodate increased demand. The peak period is also referred to as commission hour or peak hour when specifically referring to the busiest hour within this timeframe.
Peak period
The time during the day when transit ridership is highest, typically occurring in the morning and afternoon. These periods are known as the AM peak period and PM peak period, respectively. Transit agencies provide the greatest level of service during these times to accommodate increased demand. The peak period is also referred to as commission hour or peak hour when specifically referring to the busiest hour within this timeframe.
Peak/base ratio
The ratio of vehicles operated in passenger service during the peak period compared to the number operated during the base period.
Pick
The process of creating and assigning weekly work schedules for transit operators. This includes selecting work assignments for regular runs, extra board positions, or specific shifts for the upcoming schedule. In agency-developed rostering, daily shifts are pre-packaged into weekly schedules from which operators select during the sign-up period. In cafeteria-style rostering, operators choose their own shifts and days off from a master list to create a personalized schedule. This process is also known by terms such as pick, bid, booking, mark-up, sign-up, line-up, or shake-up.
Point check
An accurate count of passengers arriving at, boarding, alighting, or passing through one or more points on a route. This count can be performed by riding the route or at specific locations. Passenger checks are used for route planning, monitoring, and data collection on passenger usage to determine appropriate headways, evaluate route alignment, meet FTA reporting requirements, and calibrate revenue-based ridership models. Also known as a tally, ride check, or point check.
Positive transfer
A scheduled connection that coordinates route arrivals and departures so riders can transfer with minimal waiting.
Pull-in time
The non-revenue time allocated for a vehicle’s movement from its last scheduled terminus or stop to the garage. This is sometimes referred to as deadhead time, turn-in time, or run-off time.
Pull-on location
The location on a route where a vehicle begins revenue service.
Pull-out time
The non-revenue time assigned for moving a revenue vehicle from the garage to its first scheduled terminus or stop. This is sometimes referred to as deadhead time or run-on time.
Pulse transfer
A scheduled connection point where multiple routes meet at about the same time so riders can transfer with minimal waiting.
Queueing
A condition where vehicles traveling in the same direction on a route converge due to delays or traffic congestion. This issue often persists without intervention from supervision. Also known as queueing.
Recap
The master schedule for a route that includes all scheduled time points, arrival and departure times, block numbers, and other relevant information. It is used to prepare individual schedules for each unique block and may display more time points than those shown on public timetables. The headway sheet is also made up for each run, listing all work pieces and any special notations for the operator. It is also known as a recap, rotation, master schedule, paddle, paddle board, run card, run guide, or train card.
Recovery time
The scheduled interval at a transit terminal between the arrival of a vehicle at the end of a route and its departure for the next trip. This period, also known as recovery time, allows for delays, operator breaks, and preparation for the return journey. It encompasses both the time allotted for these activities and the specific location designated for the operator to stop between trips to adhere to the schedule. This ensures that vehicles remain on track and provides a buffer for any delays experienced during the previous trip.
Regular run
A work assignment whose paid or scheduled hours meet or exceed the minimum threshold for a full-time operator.
Relief time
Time allowed for an operator to travel between a garage, terminal, or remote relief point as part of a work assignment.
Revenue service
The operation of a vehicle over a route while being available to the public for transportation. It is also known as open door.
Ride check
An accurate count of passengers arriving at, boarding, alighting, or passing through one or more points on a route. This count can be performed by riding the route or at specific locations. Passenger checks are used for route planning, monitoring, and data collection on passenger usage to determine appropriate headways, evaluate route alignment, meet FTA reporting requirements, and calibrate revenue-based ridership models. Also known as a tally, ride check, or point check.
Rostering
The process of creating and assigning weekly work schedules for transit operators. This includes selecting work assignments for regular runs, extra board positions, or specific shifts for the upcoming schedule. In agency-developed rostering, daily shifts are pre-packaged into weekly schedules from which operators select during the sign-up period. In cafeteria-style rostering, operators choose their own shifts and days off from a master list to create a personalized schedule. This process is also known by terms such as pick, bid, booking, mark-up, sign-up, line-up, or shake-up.
Rotation
The master schedule for a route that includes all scheduled time points, arrival and departure times, block numbers, and other relevant information. It is used to prepare individual schedules for each unique block and may display more time points than those shown on public timetables. The headway sheet is also made up for each run, listing all work pieces and any special notations for the operator. It is also known as a recap, rotation, master schedule, paddle, paddle board, run card, run guide, or train card.
Round-trip cycle time
The total duration required for a vehicle to travel from the start point to the end point and back, including the time allocated for breaks or recovery at the terminal. This period is often referred to as round-trip cycle time or round-trip time.
Round-trip time
The total duration required for a vehicle to travel from the start point to the end point and back, including the time allocated for breaks or recovery at the terminal. This period is often referred to as round-trip cycle time or round-trip time.
Route
A defined path that connects two terminal points through a series of streets and turns. It is also known as a line.
Run
A sequence of tasks assigned to an operator for a shift, which may include deadheads, trips, and layovers. It can comprise one or multiple pieces. Also known as duty.
Run card
The master schedule for a route that includes all scheduled time points, arrival and departure times, block numbers, and other relevant information. It is used to prepare individual schedules for each unique block and may display more time points than those shown on public timetables. The headway sheet is also made up for each run, listing all work pieces and any special notations for the operator. It is also known as a recap, rotation, master schedule, paddle, paddle board, run card, run guide, or train card.
Run guide
The master schedule for a route that includes all scheduled time points, arrival and departure times, block numbers, and other relevant information. It is used to prepare individual schedules for each unique block and may display more time points than those shown on public timetables. The headway sheet is also made up for each run, listing all work pieces and any special notations for the operator. It is also known as a recap, rotation, master schedule, paddle, paddle board, run card, run guide, or train card.
Run pick
The recurring process in which operators choose or are assigned work for a new schedule period, usually in seniority order and under labor-agreement rules.
Run picking
The recurring process in which operators choose or are assigned work for a new schedule period, usually in seniority order and under labor-agreement rules.
Run time
The time allocated for a revenue vehicle to travel over a route, typically measured on a segment-by-segment basis and varying by time of day. Also known as running time.
Run-off time
The non-revenue time allocated for a vehicle’s movement from its last scheduled terminus or stop to the garage. This is sometimes referred to as deadhead time, turn-in time, or run-off time.
Run-on time
The non-revenue time assigned for moving a revenue vehicle from the garage to its first scheduled terminus or stop. This is sometimes referred to as deadhead time or run-on time.
Running time
The time allocated for a revenue vehicle to travel over a route, typically measured on a segment-by-segment basis and varying by time of day. Also known as running time.
Schedule
An internal transit agency document showing scheduled revenue trips through time points and often including route descriptions, block numbers, run numbers, deadhead times, interlines, and related operating details.
Schedule adherence
Schedule adherence measures how closely transit service matches its published schedule. Also known as on-time performance, this metric is expressed as a percentage, with higher values indicating better adherence. It is a key indicator of a transit system’s effectiveness. For urban buses and rapid transit, en-route performance is crucial as most passengers board and alight along the route. In contrast, terminal performance is more relevant for commuter rail or routes with high terminal demand.
Service area
The total square miles covered by an agency’s operations, defined in accordance with ADA requirements.
Service day
The duration each day during which a route operates, expressed either in terms of hours per day or by specifying the time of the first and last trips. For example, if a route operates from 5:00 AM to 11:00 PM, its service span is 18 hours. This span can vary by day of the week, such as weekdays, Saturdays, or Sundays. It is also known as service day.
Service span
The duration each day during which a route operates, expressed either in terms of hours per day or by specifying the time of the first and last trips. For example, if a route operates from 5:00 AM to 11:00 PM, its service span is 18 hours. This span can vary by day of the week, such as weekdays, Saturdays, or Sundays. It is also known as service day.
Shake-up
The process of creating and assigning weekly work schedules for transit operators. This includes selecting work assignments for regular runs, extra board positions, or specific shifts for the upcoming schedule. In agency-developed rostering, daily shifts are pre-packaged into weekly schedules from which operators select during the sign-up period. In cafeteria-style rostering, operators choose their own shifts and days off from a master list to create a personalized schedule. This process is also known by terms such as pick, bid, booking, mark-up, sign-up, line-up, or shake-up.
Sign-up
The process of creating and assigning weekly work schedules for transit operators. This includes selecting work assignments for regular runs, extra board positions, or specific shifts for the upcoming schedule. In agency-developed rostering, daily shifts are pre-packaged into weekly schedules from which operators select during the sign-up period. In cafeteria-style rostering, operators choose their own shifts and days off from a master list to create a personalized schedule. This process is also known by terms such as pick, bid, booking, mark-up, sign-up, line-up, or shake-up.
Start of line
The beginning or ending point of a route. Also known as terminus, start of line, or end of line.
Station
A facility where revenue vehicles are stored, maintained, and serviced, and where operators report for their assignments. Vehicles are dispatched and recovered here for scheduled service. This facility is also known as a barn, base, depot, district, division, station, or yard.
Swing time
The gap between pieces of work in a split run, often unpaid unless an agency policy or labor agreement treats it otherwise.
Tally
An accurate count of passengers arriving at, boarding, alighting, or passing through one or more points on a route. This count can be performed by riding the route or at specific locations. Passenger checks are used for route planning, monitoring, and data collection on passenger usage to determine appropriate headways, evaluate route alignment, meet FTA reporting requirements, and calibrate revenue-based ridership models. Also known as a tally, ride check, or point check.
TDP
A multi-year plan outlining a transit agency’s vision for public transportation. It includes an assessment of transit needs in the study area and a staged implementation program to set priorities. The plan serves as a ten-year strategic framework for developing and enhancing a clean, safe, convenient, and reliable transit system. It evaluates the current transit system, identifies needs for service and capital improvements, and provides a financial plan based on available funding.
Terminal
The beginning or ending point of a route. Also known as terminus, start of line, or end of line.
Terminus
The beginning or ending point of a route. Also known as terminus, start of line, or end of line.
Through route
The practice of using the same transit vehicle and/or operator to serve more than one route without returning to the garage. This method is often implemented at common terminals or where two or more routes share a common endpoint or are in close proximity. Interlining can improve operating efficiency and enhance passenger transfers. By minimizing vehicle requirements and reducing the need for transfers, interlining can enhance overall service performance. It is also referred to as through routes, interlock routes, or interlocking.
Timed transfer
A scheduled connection point where two or more routes are timed to arrive and depart close together so riders can transfer with minimal waiting.
Timing bus
A vehicle inserted or positioned to fill a service gap, maintain spacing, or cover service when a scheduled trip is missing, delayed, overloaded, or otherwise disrupted.
TOD
A development pattern that concentrates housing, jobs, services, and walking connections around transit so more daily trips can be made without relying entirely on a car.
Total miles
Train card
The master schedule for a route that includes all scheduled time points, arrival and departure times, block numbers, and other relevant information. It is used to prepare individual schedules for each unique block and may display more time points than those shown on public timetables. The headway sheet is also made up for each run, listing all work pieces and any special notations for the operator. It is also known as a recap, rotation, master schedule, paddle, paddle board, run card, run guide, or train card.
Transfer center
A designated location where passengers transfer between different routes or vehicles. It is also known as a hub or transit center.
Transit center
A designated location where passengers transfer between different routes or vehicles. It is also known as a hub or transit center.
Transit Development Plan
A multi-year plan outlining a transit agency’s vision for public transportation. It includes an assessment of transit needs in the study area and a staged implementation program to set priorities. The plan serves as a ten-year strategic framework for developing and enhancing a clean, safe, convenient, and reliable transit system. It evaluates the current transit system, identifies needs for service and capital improvements, and provides a financial plan based on available funding.
Transit Development Plan (TDP)
A multi-year plan outlining a transit agency’s vision for public transportation. It includes an assessment of transit needs in the study area and a staged implementation program to set priorities. The plan serves as a ten-year strategic framework for developing and enhancing a clean, safe, convenient, and reliable transit system. It evaluates the current transit system, identifies needs for service and capital improvements, and provides a financial plan based on available funding.
Transit-oriented development
A development pattern that concentrates housing, jobs, services, and walking connections around transit so more daily trips can be made without relying entirely on a car.
Transit-oriented development (TOD)
A development pattern that concentrates housing, jobs, services, and walking connections around transit so more daily trips can be made without relying entirely on a car.
Travel allowance
Time allowed for an operator to travel between a garage, terminal, or remote relief point as part of a work assignment.
Travel time
Time allowed for an operator to travel between a garage, terminal, or remote relief point as part of a work assignment.
Trip
A linked passenger trip refers to a one-way journey from origin to destination on the transit system, including any transfers made. It is counted as a single trip, regardless of the number of vehicles used. Also known as a trip, one-way trip, or journey.
Turn-in allowance
Paid time at the end of an operator assignment for completing closeout tasks such as returning fare media, transfers, reports, or supplies.
Turn-in time
The non-revenue time allocated for a vehicle’s movement from its last scheduled terminus or stop to the garage. This is sometimes referred to as deadhead time, turn-in time, or run-off time.
Unlinked passenger trip
The total number of passengers who board public transit vehicles, counted each time a passenger boards a revenue vehicle, even if it is the result of a transfer from another route to complete the same one-way journey. This measure, which is often used interchangeably with ridership, reflects the number of rides taken by people using a public transportation system within a given time period. It is also known as passengers, passenger trips, and boardings.
Vehicle block
A series of trips assigned to a single vehicle, encompassing the entire period from when the vehicle departs the garage to when it returns. A complete block includes a pull-out trip from the garage, one or more revenue trips, and a pull-in trip back to the garage. This term can also refer to a single vehicle’s daily schedule of trips.
Vehicle hours
The total hours of travel by a vehicle, including both revenue service and non-revenue travel. Also known as bus hours for buses and passenger car hours for rail.
Vehicle miles
The total distance traveled by a vehicle, including both revenue service and non-revenue travel. Also known as bus miles for buses and passenger car miles for rail.
Vehicle revenue hours
The total hours that vehicles are scheduled to or actually travel while in revenue service. This includes layover or recovery time. It excludes deadhead time, operator training, vehicle maintenance testing, and other non-revenue uses of vehicles.
Vehicle revenue miles
The distance that vehicles are scheduled to or actually travel while in revenue service. This measure includes layover or recovery time. It excludes deadhead miles, operator training, vehicle maintenance testing, and other non-revenue uses of vehicles.
Vehicles available for annual maximum service
The number of revenue vehicles available to meet the annual maximum service requirement includes operational vehicles, spares, out-of-service vehicles, and those in or awaiting maintenance. It excludes vehicles awaiting sale and emergency contingency vehicles.
Vehicles operated in annual maximum service
The number of revenue vehicles operated to meet the annual maximum service requirement during the peak season, week, and day. It excludes atypical days and one-time special events.
X-board
A roster of bus operators assigned to cover vacant runs and other work on a daily or weekly basis. Operators on the extra board may choose assignments during a sign-up period or be assigned as needed if no regular runs are available. This group is also referred to as the board, x-board, extra list, or, if an operator covers a run for an extended period due to a long-term absence, it may lead to a holddown.
Yard
A facility where revenue vehicles are stored, maintained, and serviced, and where operators report for their assignments. Vehicles are dispatched and recovered here for scheduled service. This facility is also known as a barn, base, depot, district, division, station, or yard.